“The ‘Woman with the Braid’ stands as one of the most remarkable and rarest archaeological finds in Greece. Discovered in 1962 in Thessaloniki’s eastern necropolis, this 3rd-4th century AD burial revealed a lead coffin hermetically sealed within a marble sarcophagus.
The ‘double shielding’ of lead and marble, combined with the use of resins and plaster, prevented oxidation and led to an extraordinary state of preservation.
Remarkably, the woman’s eyebrows and brown hair—neatly styled in a braid—remained intact after nearly two millennia. Evidence suggests she was between 50 and 60 years old and held a high social status, as she was shrouded in a luxurious purple silk textile embroidered with gold thread.
This discovery is particularly significant as it represents the first documented case of artificial mummification using resins and lipids in the Roman world outside of Egypt. Today, this poignant find is a centerpiece of the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki.
The ‘woman with the braid in Thessaloniki under the Romans
During the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, Thessaloniki was not just a provincial city; it was one of the most important administrative and military hubs of the entire Roman Empire. Its strategic position on the Thermaic Gulf and directly along the Via Egnatia—the great Roman highway connecting Rome to Byzantium—made it an unavoidable center of trade, military staging, and political power.
The city’s status reached its absolute zenith around 298 AD when the Emperor Galerius chose Thessaloniki as his imperial seat. Tasked with defending the empire’s eastern borders and the turbulent Danube frontier, Galerius transformed the city into a lavish, bustling imperial capital.
The urban landscape of Thessaloniki in this era reflected this immense imperial wealth and power. To accommodate his court, Galerius commissioned a massive palace complex, a hippodrome for chariot races, the towering Rotunda, and the famous triumphal Arch of Galerius (Kamara) to celebrate his victory over the Sassanid Persians.
This was a cosmopolitan, multicultural metropolis undergoing a massive transition. Paganism was still the dominant imperial ideology, but a rapidly growing Christian community was taking root.
It was against this vibrant, volatile backdrop of intense wealth, high fashion, and clashing religious beliefs that the wealthy “Woman with the Braid” lived and died.
