A scientific survey of cave systems in western Cambodia has uncovered 11 new animal species, highlighting the rich and largely unexplored biodiversity of the country’s limestone landscapes, researchers said.
Survey reveals hidden cave ecosystems
The discoveries were made during a large study led by the conservation group Fauna & Flora, in collaboration with Cambodia’s environment ministry and international experts. The team explored more than 60 caves across 10 limestone hills in Battambang province, many of which had not been studied in detail before.
Researchers said these isolated environments often act as natural shelters for rare species. Over time, animals adapt to darkness, limited food sources, and confined spaces, leading to the development of unique traits.
Karst landscapes shape biodiversity
The caves lie within Cambodia’s karst landscapes, which form when limestone dissolves slowly in acidic water. This process creates sinkholes, underground rivers, and extensive cave networks.
Karst terrain covers about 9% of the country’s land area, according to the research. However, large parts remain unexplored. Scientists said this increases the likelihood of discovering more unknown species in the future.
New species show unique adaptations
Among the newly recorded species is a turquoise-colored pit viper from the Trimeresurus genus. Researchers are still working to formally describe and name it. The snake uses heat-sensitive organs near its nostrils to detect prey in darkness.
A stunning new pit viper from the Trimeresurus genus has been discovered during a recent survey.
These highly venomous snakes use heat-sensitive pits behind their nostrils to detect warm-blooded prey—even in complete darkness. pic.twitter.com/rCIQBzJvcp
— Tom Marvolo Riddle (@tom_riddle2025) March 24, 2026
The survey also identified several gecko species, a flying snake, two micro-snails, and two millipedes that are new to science. Some species show reduced pigmentation, while others rely on enhanced sensory abilities to survive in low-light environments.
New species alert 🚨
Geckos, a flying snake, and millipedes — all found in Cambodia’s caves. We’ve barely scratched the surface of what’s living on Earth. pic.twitter.com/ze1U1UJkSl— Tom Marvolo Riddle (@tom_riddle2025) March 24, 2026
Researchers noted that certain gecko populations were found in isolated cave systems. This separation may have driven their evolution into distinct species. Further genetic analysis is underway.
Threatened wildlife also present
The caves and surrounding forests also support known wildlife, including the ornate flying snake and the reticulated python, the world’s longest snake.
Researchers recorded several threatened species in the area, such as the Sunda pangolin, green peafowl, long-tailed macaque, and northern pig-tailed macaque. These animals depend on stable ecosystems for survival.
Fragile habitats under pressure
Scientists warned that karst ecosystems are highly sensitive. Many species depend on stable conditions and cannot survive outside these habitats.
Human activities, including quarrying, land development, and unregulated tourism, pose increasing risks. Conservation groups have stressed the need to protect these environments before irreversible damage occurs.
More discoveries expected
Researchers said documenting biodiversity is essential for conservation. Many species could disappear before they are formally identified.
The team plans to continue its work in Cambodia’s karst regions. Further exploration is expected to reveal more hidden species within these complex cave ecosystems.
