Archaeologists have uncovered an ancient Greek sanctuary inside the Pertosa-Auletta Cave in southern Italy, shedding new light on religious practices during the Hellenistic era. The discovery, made during a recent excavation on February 12, 2025, confirms the cave’s historical significance as a sacred site.
The excavation which began in late January focused on the cave’s entrance, where researchers explored areas along an underground river.
Ancient Greek sanctuary
The sanctuary, dating between the 4th and 1st centuries BCE, was found near this waterway and contained numerous artifacts. Experts will analyze these objects to understand their role in ancient religious rituals.
Greek influence was widespread in southern Italy during this period, as the area was part of Magna Graecia, a network of Greek colonies that flourished outside Greece.
Experts suggest the cave may have been used for ritual offerings, purification ceremonies, or oracle practices, similar to other subterranean sanctuaries in the Greek world.
Discovery of an ancient wooden village
While investigating the site, researchers continued studying an ancient wooden village discovered last year within the cave. Built on stilts, the structure is considered unique in Europe due to its underground location. New evidence suggests the platform is larger and more complex than previously believed.
To determine the exact age of the village and understand how the wooden structures have survived for centuries, researchers collected wood samples for laboratory testing. These analyses will help reconstruct the environmental conditions that contributed to the village’s preservation.
The MIdA Foundation excavated in collaboration with the Archaeology, Fine Arts, and Landscape Department of Salerno and Avellino.
The project also included contributions from the Enzo dei Medici Speleological-Archaeological Research Center and the Central Institute of Archaeology.
Developing new standards for cave excavations
The Central Institute of Archaeology has signed an agreement with the MIdA Foundation to enhance research methods for underground sites.
This partnership aims to establish standardized procedures for studying archaeological sites in caves, ensuring consistent documentation and analysis.
Additional support for the excavation came from Iren S.p.A. and the municipalities of Pertosa and Auletta, which provided logistical and technical assistance.
Their involvement enabled a well-coordinated excavation expected to contribute to academic research and enhance the appreciation of Italy’s cultural heritage.
The next research phase is scheduled for early 2026, coinciding with the cave’s temporary closure for environmental conservation. This break from tourist activity will allow archaeologists to work uninterrupted while uncovering new details about the sanctuary and surrounding structures.
The discovery of this ancient Greek sanctuary highlights the historical and religious significance of Italy’s Pertosa-Auletta Cave. As experts continue their work, more insights into the spiritual life of ancient civilizations may soon come to light.