Researchers at Semmelweis University have used a cutting-edge CT scanner to examine 2,300-year-old Egyptian mummy remains, providing the most detailed look yet inside the ancient bodies.
The scans were conducted at the university’s Medical Imaging Center using a photon-counting CT system. This advanced technology produces highly precise images. It allows scientists to study bones, tissues, and burial materials without opening or damaging the remains.
Experts carried out the examinations during night hours to avoid disrupting patient care. This ensured full access to clinical equipment while maintaining normal hospital operations.
Ancient remains reveal age and historical context
The mummies are part of collections held by the Semmelweis Museum of Medical History and the Hungarian National Museum Public Collection Center. Researchers have studied them before, but older imaging tools could not provide enough detail for accurate analysis.
Radiocarbon dating of several specimens confirmed that the oldest remains date to between 401 and 259 BCE. This places them at more than 2,300 years old.
“The aim of the examinations is to obtain as accurate a picture as possible of the internal structure of the remains, any abnormalities, and the preservation techniques used,” said Dr. Ibolyka Dudás, chief clinical physician and head of the post-mortem imaging group.
Scans uncover health clues and reconstruction potential
The high-resolution scans allowed researchers to closely examine teeth and skull sutures in two mummified heads. These features can help determine age more precisely. They may also support future 3D modeling and facial reconstructions.
In another case, improved imaging provided new insight into a previously studied limb. Earlier scans could not confirm a diagnosis. The latest images suggest the individual may have suffered from osteoporosis, although further analysis is needed to confirm the cause.
A 2,300-year-old Egyptian mummy just revealed new secrets. Researchers at Semmelweis University used advanced CT scanning to look inside the remains without damaging them. pic.twitter.com/j8KvLmJyvE
— Tom Marvolo Riddle (@tom_riddle2025) April 16, 2026
Researchers also found that another limb likely belonged to a young individual. The exact age is still being determined.
Misidentified remains corrected through imaging
The study also resolved a long-standing misidentification. A specimen once believed to be a human head, and later a possible bird mummy, has now been confirmed as an adult human foot.
Detailed scans revealed multiple layers of bandaging, each with distinct structural features. These findings offer new insight into ancient mummification techniques.
Scientists also examined a mummified hand. By analyzing bone size and development, they aim to determine whether it belonged to a child or an adult, along with estimating age and sex.
Modern technology transforms mummy research
“The remains had previously been examined by a research team, but the current images provide a more detailed view than ever before,” said Krisztina Scheffer, chief museologist and curator of the collection.
Researchers say the ongoing analysis could reveal new information about ancient health, lifestyle, and burial practices. The findings show how modern CT scanning technology is transforming archaeology by uncovering hidden details while preserving fragile remains.
